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A lake with crystal clear water in Bosnia

The water might look clean but...

It might look like clean water but…

Crystal clear water and an abundance of wildlife – fish, insects, birds and mammals – might suggest that it’s safe to drink water directly from a river, stream or lake but, what’s good for fish, probably won’t be good for you.

So apart from the obvious silt, sand and crud from the river bed, and the fish, insect, bird and mammal poo that will be floating about, exactly what else could be lurking in the water? What waterborne infections could you pick up? What would a microscope tell you?

Here’s a round up of the most common lurgy that might catch you out. All of them will make for an unpleasant few days, potentially ruining your trip; some can turn into something far more serious, especially for the very young, very old, immuno-compromised or pregnant. It goes without saying that if symptoms are very severe or last longer than a few days, you should seek medical advice. Tell them where you’ve travelled to so they know what what to look for.

Bacteria-based infections

All our water filters are effective against bacteria, removing 99.9999%. It’s worth noting that you can also catch these from food and other people, so thorough cooking and basic hygiene should also be adhered to. Bacterial infections can be treated with antibiotics when necessary, although healthy adults should be able to throw most off in a few days.

Bacteria

Where

Symptoms

Useful to know

E-Coli

Worldwide

Abdominal cramps, diarrhoea, fever, vomiting

A common type of food poisoning – most people recover within 3 to 4 days

Listeria

Anywhere near farm animals

Flu-like symptoms fever, chills, aches, diarrhoea and nausea

A common form of food poisoning – can take up to two months

Salmonella

Worldwide

Abdominal cramps, diarrhoea, fever, vomiting

Common food poisoning that can last several days to a week

Campylobacter

Worldwide

Diarrhoea

The most common type of food poisoning –symptoms last 3 to 6 days

Cholera

Africa, South and South East Asia, Latin America

Diarrhoea, vomiting

Can lead to severe dehydration which could be life-threatening

Typhoid

Asia, Africa, Central and South America

Fever, chills, abdominal cramps, loss of appetite rash

Easily treatable and you can also prevent it with a vaccine.

Leptospirosis (Weil's Disease)

Tropical climates and anywhere near slow moving water

Fever, red eyes, headache, chills, aches, rash, jaundice

Spread via rat urine, it's one fisherman are at risk of

Shigella

Worldwide

Abdominal cramps, diarrhoea, fever, vomiting

Should go away on it’s own after a few days

Botulism

Worldwide

Difficulty breathing or swallowing, muscle weakness, double vision, droopy eyelids

Very serious condition – seek medical advice

 Person in a bathroom with a toilet open, possibly experiencing discomfort.

 

Parasitic infections

LifeSaver ultrafiltration cartridges remove 99.99% of the things that cause parasitic infections. This incudes protozoa – microscopic, single-cell organisms that act like animals, feeding off other organisms – as well as cysts and eggs. Unlike bacterial infections which your body can often fight off, parasitic infections need to be treated, as long-term complications can be serious.

Parasites

Where

Symptoms

Useful to know

Giardia

Worldwide

Diarrhoea, farting, bloating

Lasts about a week

Dracunculiasis (Guinea Worm)

Angola, Chad, Ethiopia, and South Sudan

Blisters form on the feet or legs from which the worm erupts

It takes around 12 months from infection for the blisters to appear. There’s no treatment or vaccine. Prevention is everything.

Cryptosporidium

Worldwide

Diarrhoea, vomiting, stomach cramps, fever, loss of appetite

Most people fight off symptoms within a month

Flukes

Egypt, Middle East, Asia, South America

Diarrhoea, constipation, vomiting, stomach cramps, fever, rash, aches

Can lead to organ damage years after infection. Easily treatable

Roundworm

Worldwide

Stomach pain, diarrhoea, vomiting, fever, cough, weight loss

There are many types but all are easily treatable once diagnosed

Microsporidia (Nematodes)

Worldwide

Chronic diarrhoea, abdominal pain, weight loos

There are many types but all are easily treatable once diagnosed

Entamoea Histolytica (Amoebiasis)

Worldwide

Diarrhoea, vomiting, stomach cramps, fever

Can lead to complications if left untreated

 

Microscopic view of cryptospiridiumcells with blue and red staining on a white background

Viral infections

Viruses are harder to treat – they don’t respond to antibiotics – so you are generally left with treating the symptoms and waiting for your immune system to fight the infection. LifeSaver Purifiers remove 99.99% viruses – many competitor products don’t, so do your research (ask to see test results). There are vaccines available for some of these so, if you’re traveling to anywhere that is high risk, make sure you’re up to date.

Virus

Where

Symptoms

 

Rotavirus

Worldwide

Extreme diarrhoea, vomiting

Mostly affects very young children. Highly contagious

Norovirus (Winter Vomiting Bug)

Worldwide

Vomiting, diarrhoea

Lasts a few days. Drink fluids and stay home. Highly contagious

Hepatitis A

Worldwide

Fever, malaise, loss of appetite, diarrhoea, nausea

Preventable with the vaccine. More likely to affect adults. Highly contagious

Polio

Afghanistan, Pakistan, Africa, Middle East

Fever, sore throat, headache, abdominal pain

Preventable with the vaccine. Highly contagious

 

So how can you avoid all this?

The gross underlying factor for the majority of these conditions is coming into contact with infected poo – human or animal – or with water that has or had infected poo in it. That could be entirely natural contact from wild or farm animals, or from sewage leaks caused by poor sanitation or flooding, or from simple poor hygiene. Reducing your risk of exposure by drinking only safe water, and using only safe water to wash your hands, make ice, clean your teeth, and prepare food is your first line of defense. Bottled water supplies for all that can be costly, weighty and hard to come by – depending on where you’re going – which is where LifeSaver comes in – transforming questionable water into safe water.

A LifeSaver Bottle water purifier collecting river water

Your second line of defense is to be prepared. Do your research on where you’re going. Is the tap water safe? Have there been recent outbreaks? Is there a high risk factor? Are there vaccinations that should be taken? What medications should you have on stand-by?

Prevention is always better than cure. If you’d like to know more about the benefits of taking a LifeSaver Water Purifier on your travels, or need help deciding which one would work best for you, get in touch today.

Sources

https://www.who.int/health-topics/
https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/
https://www.cdc.gov/

 

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